S5E4: Mind the Modifier: When Causal Effects Refuse to Be Average

Hailey and Matt are joined by guest co-host Dr. Mabel Carabali to discuss Chapter 4 (Effect Modification) from Causal Inference: What If . We start off our discussion about heterogeneity of treatment effects, emphasizing that there is often no single causal effect but effects that vary across groups depending on population characteristics. Mabel helps to explain effect (measure) modification as variation in the exposure outcome effect across levels of a third variable. She also explains the concept of qualitative effect modification. We talk about how these concepts connect to transportability and generalizability. The end of the episode focuses on effect modification on the additive vs. multiplicative scales, continuing our (neverending?) debate about when and why we should care about effect modification on the relative scale versus the absolute scale.

You can listen to S5E4: Mind the Modifier: When Causal Effects Refuse to Be Average online on Radio and Podcast. Open the player on this page to stream the available audio.

S5E4: Mind the Modifier: When Causal Effects Refuse to Be Average is an episode from SERious EPI by Sue Bevan - Society for Epidemiologic Research.

This episode is 55:33 long.

This episode was published on Apr 15, 2026.

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