Episode 991: BRASH

Contributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls BRASH Syndrome: B radycardia R enal Failure A V Nodal Blockade S hock H yperkalemia Clinical Features: Profound bradycardia and shock in patients on AV nodal blockers: Commonly, Beta Blockers or Calcium Channel Blockers Etiology: Caused by an inciting kidney injury: Common triggers include precipitating illness, dehydration, or medications Results in hyperkalemia The enhanced effect of the combination of AV nodal blockade and hyperkalemia leads to a more profound presentation of shock. Treatment: IV Fluids, unless volume overloaded Epinephrine for bradycardia Lasix for volume overload, only if the patient is still making urine Low threshold to dialyze for hyperkalemia Focus on treating early and more aggressively. References: Farkas JD, Long B, Koyfman A, Menson K. BRASH Syndrome: Bradycardia, Renal Failure, AV Blockade, Shock, and Hyperkalemia. J Emerg Med. 2020 Aug;59(2):216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.05.001. Epub 2020 Jun 18. PMID: 32565167. Summarized by Ashley Lyons OMS3 Editting by Ashley Lyons OMS3 and Jeffrey Olson MS4 Donate: Join our mailing list:

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Episode 991: BRASH is an episode from Emergency Medical Minute by medicalminute.

This episode is 02:17 long.

This episode was published on Jan 19, 2026.

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